VERBS
There are
two conjugations, I and II, each with its set of endings.
Present-and-future
endings (without mutation):
First Conjugation
(I) –ю
-ешь -ет -ем -ете
–ют
Second Conjugation (II) -ю -ишь -ит -им
-ите –ят
The
following abbreviations are used:
(irr.) irregular – only four verbs are considered
irregular.
(pf) perfective – verbs not so marked
should be considered imperfective.
·
be быть (irr.)
Present: Most of the present tense of
быть has vanished!
Just leave out the verb – это
стол. (This
is a table.) The 3rd
pers. sing., есть, is used occasionally for
emphasis– это есть
стол. (This IS a table.) The first and second persons of быть are archaic, and the third person plural is rarely
used.
Future: |
буду,
будешь, будет,
будем, будете,
будут |
Past: |
был,
была, было,
были |
·
have иметь (I)
The verb for “have” is rarely used; instead, use the genitive construction
–
У
меня ручка.
(I
have a pen.)
Past: У
меня было ручка. (I had a pen.)
Emphatic: У
вас есть бумага? --Есть. (Do you HAVE a pen?. – I HAVE one.)
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Perfective Meaning |
know |
знать (I) |
-
- |
|
read |
читать (I) |
про- |
(~
through) |
work |
работать (I) |
по- |
(~
awhile) |
do,
make |
делать (I) |
с- |
(finish
doing) |
speak |
говорить (II) |
по- |
(have
a chat) |
say,
tell |
|
сказать (I) |
|
write |
писать (I) |
на- |
(finish writing) |
teach
(+ acc person), |
учить (II) |
на- |
|
live |
жить (I) |
-
- |
|
hold |
держать (II) |
по- |
(~
awhile) |
look
(at), watch |
смотреть (II) |
по- |
(take
a look) |
lie |
лежать (II) |
по- |
(~
awhile) |
stand |
стоять (II) |
по- |
(~
awhile) |
sit |
сидеть (II) |
по- |
(~
awhile) |
want |
хотеть (irr) |
за- |
|